Percepción y realidad pueden diferir bastante. Por ejemplo, si preguntamos a alguien por la frecuencia con la que visita una tienda, probablemente mencione aproximadamente la mitad de las ocasiones de las que realmente lo hace. No se trata de que no estén siendo honestos o quieran ocultar la verdad; sino de que la mayoría de estas visitas las realizamos a un nivel casi subconsciente.
Esta desconexión puede hacer más difícil de entender cómo se sienten los compradores verdaderamente sobre algunos aspectos, pero también ayuda a explicar resultados como los que hemos visto en nuestro Consumer Pulse más reciente, un estudio que monitoriza la evolución de los comportamientos de los consumidores en el marco de megatendencias como la inflación.
En la última oleada de este programa de investigación hemos visto cierto grado de negatividad hacia los programas de fidelización de los retailers, especialmente en lo que respecta a su capacidad de ahorrar dinero a los consumidores. Solo un tercio de los compradores españoles (33%) e italianos (35%) afirmaron que los programas de fidelización de los retailers les ayudan a reducir costes, mientras que en el caso de los consumidores franceses la cifra es algo más alta (44%).
En apariencia esta sería una situación preocupante. Al fin y al cabo, si los clientes no sienten que un programa de fidelización les está ayudando a ahorrar dinero, los retailers tendrían un importante problema que resolver ¿verdad? Pero la realidad es un poco más compleja.
En primer lugar, hay que considerar el tema de la percepción como mencionábamos antes: los compradores no siempre son conscientes de la forma en la que los programas de fidelización les ayudan a ahorrar dinero. Por ejemplo, un retailer puede utilizar datos de fidelización para crear ofertas personalizadas y los clientes no verán necesariamente estos mecanismos en acción. Su pertenencia al programa le está ahorrando dinero, pero casi de una forma subconsciente.
En segundo lugar, tenemos que pensar en la naturaleza de las recompensas como en un todo. En la actualidad muchos programas de fidelización permiten a los clientes canjear los puntos que obtienen por recompensas y ofertas de terceros. ¿Están ahorrando dinero? Sin duda alguna. ¿Están vinculando estos ahorros directamente con el retailer de alimentación? Este aspecto no está tan claro.
Por último, hay una tendencia general en fidelización a considerar. En otro de nuestros informes, descubrimos que no sólo está creciendo la adopción de programas de fidelización en retail de alimentación, sino que muchas enseñas también han incrementado su base de clientes fidelizados en los últimos años. Claramente, la tendencia sería otra si los compradores estuvieran decepcionados con lo que les están ofreciendo los retailers.
La evidencia, por tanto, no señala a un fallo de la propuesta general de fidelización, sino a una ligera desconexión en cuanto a las percepciones de los clientes. A partir de aquí, ¿qué pueden hacer los retailers para mejorar el equilibrio?
Esta pregunta no tiene una única respuesta. Crear un programa de fidelización que resuene a cualquier nivel requiere de tiempo, esfuerzo y recursos; además de un plan de acción que es muy largo como para detenernos ahora. A pesar de ello, hay unos cuantos pasos iniciales que los retailers pueden dar para asegurarse de su programa de fidelización está obteniendo los mejores resultados posibles.
Al medir en función de esos criterios, situando los datos de satisfacción de los clientes en lo más alto, los retailers tendrán una visión verdaderamente completa del éxito de un programa.
Como ya hemos señalado, no se trata de hacer una lista exhaustiva. Y tampoco existe una forma única de enfocar la fidelización que se adecúe a las necesidades de todos los retailers. Crear un programa que satisfaga las necesidades, expectativas, preferencias y comportamientos de tus propios clientes es esencial.
Al mismo tiempo, cualquier retailer que quiera optimizar su programa de fidelización tendrá un buen punto de partida si se centra en abordar estos temas fundamentales.
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